Like
it or not , talk of religion will always attract a lot of people ,
ranging from the orthodox and fundamentalist to moderate and liberal . From the discussion , it will usually be seen how his religious faith in his Lord anyone . There are strict rules hold ; deviations and additions mean perverted , pagan , or go to hell without mercy . On
the other hand , some are impressed with the cool ritual for them ,
what matters is the golden rule : Treat others ( well ) we want to be
treated like everyone else ( well anyway ) .Why can there are various forms of appreciation of the faith ? According
to James Fowler , a theologian , an environmental factor or factors '
guidance ' / ' gift ' is not enough to explain it . Faith also is the interaction of the above factors in mind someone who has matured with age . From that understanding, he then developed a growth stage of faith from the perspective of developmental psychology .For Fowler , faith is defined as a ' way of seeing or knowing the world ' . Faith
also does not have to always be drawn to a god or other creature ;
faith in science , humanity , or even Jedi legitimate referred to as
faith , as long as the object of faith is believed to be the most
valuable (ultimate worth ) and is able to give meaning to his life .Starting
with the definition , he and his colleagues from Harvard Divinity
School interviewed more than 400 people by age, creed , ethnicity ,
educational background , and socio - economic backgrounds are diverse . The result was 6 stages of faith development from beginning to end one's life . The
sixth stage is passed to the linear , meaning that the next phase can
only be achieved after completion of the previous stage . However
, the picture of life in every stage just a rough estimate ; transition
to the next stage is usually triggered by a new experience , a crisis ,
or enlightenment which shook the faith . Because
of this , many people who never left his life of a particular stage ,
although some are able to pass through certain stages before reaching
age 'should ' .Phase 1 : Intuitive - projective faith ( ages 18-24 months to 7 years )At the time of this ' faith ' children gained a lot of what adults tell . From the stories that they form a picture of the mighty God , the imaginative heaven , and hell is terrible . The
general picture is irrational , because at this age children do not
understand cause and effect and have not been able to separate reality
and fantasy . They also still difficult to distinguish God's perspective with their viewpoint or parents . The concept of God is believed in this age range in compliance ( obedience ) and punishment (punishment ) .Stage 2 : Mythic - literal faith ( ages 7 to 12 years old )Children are more logical and outlook will begin to develop a more orderly universe . Although
he followed the beliefs and rituals of parents and the community , they
tend to believe the story and religious symbols literally because at
this age children are not able to think abstractly. On
the other hand , they have to understand that God has a different
perspective to the business and takes into account the person's
intentions before the ' judge ' . They believe that God is just in giving appropriate rewards for humans .Stage 3 : Synthetic - conventional faith ( adolescence and subsequent )Once able to think abstractly , adolescents begin to form ideologies ( belief systems ) and a commitment to certain ideals . In this period they began to search for identity and personal relationship with God . But
their identities have not been completely formed , so they are also
still seeing other people ( usually peers) for moral guidance . Their faith can not be questioned , and in accordance with the standards of the community . This
stage is generally found on the followers of organized religion ;
approximately 50 percent of adults may not be past this stage .Stage 4 : Individuative - reflective faith ( early to mid twenties )They
were able to reach this stage begin to critically examine their faith
and rethink their beliefs , regardless of any external authority and
group norms . At
this stage the problem of young people generally associated with a life
partner , so moving to this stage can be triggered by divorce , death
of a friend , or other events that cause stress .Stage 5 : conjunctive faith ( mid-life )At middle age , people become increasingly aware of the limits of his wits . They
understand the paradoxes and contradictions in life , and often face a
conflict between the need to satisfy ourselves with the sacrifice for
others . When
it began to anticipate death , they can reach deeper understanding and
acceptance , which is integrated with the faith that they had before .Stage 6 : Universalizing faith (elderly )In
the last stage that can rarely be achieved , there are moral and
spiritual leaders , such as Mahatma Gandhi , Martin Luther King , and
Mother Teresa , whose vision and commitment to humanity touched so many
people . They
are driven by a desire to " participate in a force that unites and
change the world " , but remain humble , simple , and humane . Because often threatening power , they often become martyrs , and even love life , they are not tied to it .Criticism and LimitationsAs
a preliminary findings ( if not to say pioneers ) in the areas of faith
development , then there is natural that some criticism of Fowler
research that has resulted in this stage . Of
the sampling process , the study subjects more representative of the
population Fowler western cultured with intelligence and a pretty good
education . On those who are excluded, particularly non - western civilized society , this result should be tested further . In
addition , the definition of ' faith ' is used somewhat differently
Fowler of a more general sense that more emphasis acceptance of
introspection rather than cognitive . He was also criticized for the faith of the simple and undeniable as immature faith .Despite all the criticisms and limitations , the stages of faith development efforts should be appreciated . In
the midst of an aggressive attack from some scientists who think
religion and faith in God as a mental illness , delusions , or
schizophrenia , Fowler is the initial effort of many advanced research
conducted by psychological scientists to reconcile science and religion .Reference :Papalia , D. E. , Olds , S. W. , & Feldman , R. D. ( 2007) . Human Development : Tenth Edition . New York : McGraw - Hill .
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