Soul in Perspective of Psychology

In the study of the soul, need a tool or approach to materials science as to know the object. The soul is the object of science and one of the tools to approach the object of it is psychology.

Plato (477-347 BC) held that the soul is something immaterial, abstract and there is already a first in natural praserisoris. Then is nested in the human body and in the head (logition, mind), in the chest (thumeticon, wills) and in the belly (abdomen, feeling). This opinion was later known by the term Trichotomi. According to Plato, the three elements that underlie all human activity. In other words, the whole life of human psychological activity has a strong base on the third element. Parallel to the trichotominya, Plato says that man shall have the nature of wisdom (if mind master himself) and Brave Knights or (if the will of the master himself) and Simplicity (if his feelings are subject to whatever). Then when it ruled the nature of the third man, meaning he has had awareness as human beings. Aware that understand actively. With this consciousness, humans always tend to define its own forms of activity of his life and tingkah-laku the diwujudkannya, nor the finalita his life.

Aristotle (384-322 BC) holds another of his teacher. According to him it is the vitality of living beings. So, where there is life there is no soul. The power of will and knowledge are the two functions of the human soul. Then his opinion is known by the term dichotomi. Then he explains, that the soul as something abstract (World idea) occupy or be in a subtle body (material world) become a real living power, (reality). Due to the realization of this goal is indeed a soul to form something (conduct) according to the fact that already defined beforehand in order to reach an objective, then it becomes. Being here means the possibility for intangibles. That is, all the potential that exists will descry real (actual). The soul that is the potential that exists in the body so that the mengaktualisasi in the form of tingkah-laku. Before the behavior that manifest, he still is the possibility (potential) and having formed or occurred so he called Hule. Each incident (hule) is sure to have made the (Murphe) thus, in man there are Hule-Morpheisme.

Rene Descartes (1596-1656 M) argues that the soul is a spiritual Substance, and the body was Physical Substance. The spiritual substance of this is the emergence of human behaviour which is called rational behaviour. While the physical substance of it appeared mechanical behaviour. Between two psychiatric and substance ketubuhan substance that is in the difference that separate, but both linked by the presence of the Pinealis, so its sense-its sense of ketubuhan can be forwarded through this gland into psychiatric aspects and vice versa. Furthermore he stated that the human soul berpokok on consciousness or sense his mind, while the body is subject to natural laws and are bound to nafsu-nafsunya. This became known as the doctrine of Dualism.

In addition there are scholars who argue Descartes bahwu untura psychiatric and ketubuhan (body and soul) it can not expand as both a unitary in interaction, and not to themselves, but it is a relationship of causality.

This opinion was later known as Monisme theory.

The soul is a major study on the scope of psychology, in contrast to Physiology that studies the structure and function of human biological physical organs, because psychology is the science that etymologically learn about soul.

If seen from the etymology of the word psychology, Greece's psyche and logos. In the United Kingdom i.e. the soul, mind, and spirit. In Indonesia the third such words can be represented by a single word that is "soul". Because that's what most people tend to interpret the psychology as a science of the soul.

But the nature of the soul, no one knows. Because of the vagueness of that meaning, often arising out of various opinions regarding the definition of psychology is different with each other, in accordance with point of view and interpretation of each character.

Assuming that the behavior is an expression of and a reflection of conditions, processes, and functions of psychological abuse, psychology limit themselves only to learn the symptoms of psychological abuse, in particular the conditions, processes and functions, and to further gain the clarity of objectives review methodology and techniques the effectiveness of his approach.

Sarlito Wirawan Sarwono, in his introduction to General Psychology provides a definition of psychology that if it could be accepted by all parties. She argued that psychology is a science which studies human behavior in relation to its environment.

In this definition, there are some elements, related to the soul. Behaviour or conduct a more concrete meaning of the soul. Because the more concrete, the more easily learned behaviors from the soul and through our behaviour can get to know someone. While behaviour is behaviour that covered only known indirectly through the tools or methods specifically covered this behaviour, for example the State of thinking, sad, fantasize, dream, fear, and so on.

So, understanding the soul in the perspective of psychology is a reflection of behavior that is displayed by a person in the form of tangible actions and deeds that include actions that can be observed (open behavior) as well as actions that cannot be observed directly (closed behavior) in conjunction with ekternal reality outside himself.

Novia Rahayu Utami (12410067)