Shy Child Psychology and Quiet

Shy Child Psychology and Quiet

Educating children was tricky , even easier than raising him . If you are too simplistic in educating children can make a child feel too free or unnoticed . But if you educate too hard , can make children feel depressed and rebellious . There are many that highlight the problem of educating children .

Emotional Child

Emotional development of children often make parents confused . Quite often that react expressively and hard . Even parents often feel anxious or worried about the changes that occur in children . Including when the child turns into a shy , quiet , and solitude .
Feelings of shame in children began to emerge at the age of one year . At that time shame arises because the child has begun to distinguish between people who are already known to those who considered foreigners . The humiliation does not appear suddenly , but could be due to the temperament of the child from birth or due to the effect of treatment on the child's parents .

High Expectations

There are several types of treatment the parents who make children become shy . Among them , too high expectations from parents to children . The parents expect children to be someone who ' superior ' . Both related to intelligence , wit , expression , humor , and physical development . But the parents' expectations can actually turn out to be for children when excessive pressure .

Many child psychology articles that highlight the excesses of parents in protecting children , it will give adverse effects on the child . Parents who are overly protective , many provide the prohibition of , or restrictions will only make children become afraid to do and shame on the people around him .

In educating children , parents are usually stuck on various fears and face the aggravation of psychological development of children. Prohibition or restriction of the parents is a reflection of fear when the kids want to play will be dirty , disease , falls , or other fears . While on the other hand , when a child shows stubbornness and freedom of expression is often perceived as an annoying burden that parents need to be restricted .

Competition
While other factors that affect a child being shy is sibling rivalry or peers . A child who is active will be sociable , cheerful , and easily attract attention . While the children are passive tend to withdraw because of lack of response to the other children . These conditions will make children become increasingly shy and depressed .

Faced with such children , parents need to let go of ambition in educating children . Many child psychology articles that emphasize that parents give freedom to the child , to feel what he wanted . Especially when children aged 1-5 years , the freedom of expression it will develop into a person's psyche active child . So that the child will not be embarrassed or afraid to its environment .

Benefits and Power of Story in Child Psychology

Benefits and Power of Story in Child Psychology

In the days of the all-powerful as it is now , storytelling activities in the eyes of the children are not popular anymore . Since waking until bedtime , they are faced with serving a variety of television shows , ranging from cartoons , quizzes , soap operas are often not up to the spectacle that is fit for children . Even if they get bored with the show being presented , they can be moved to other games such as videogames .

Nevertheless, storytelling activities can actually captivate and bring many benefits , not only for children but also the parents who tell stories to their children . This activity can strengthen the bond and communication between parents and children . Experts say there are several other benefits that can be extracted from the storytelling activity .

First , kids can sharpen the intellect and imagination . It is not necessarily only be met if children watch on television. Children can make up their own visualization of the story heard. He can imagine what the characters and situations that arise from these tales . Over time the child can exercise creativity in this way .

Second , stories or fairy tales are an effective medium to instill values ​​and ethics to children , even to foster a sense of empathy . For example, the values ​​of honesty , humility , solidarity , hard work , and about the daily habits bleak importance of eating vegetables and brushing teeth . Children are also expected to more easily absorb those values ​​as Kak Agam here is not to be ruled or patronizing , otherwise the characters in the story is exactly what is expected to be an example or role model for children .

Third , fairy tales can be the first step to foster interest in reading children . Once interested in a variety of fairy tales as told Kak Agam , children are expected to start growing interest in the book . Beginning with the fairy tale books are often heard , and then extends to other books such as the book of knowledge , science , religion , and so on .

There is no strict age limit as to when a child should be able to start to be a fairy tale by Kak religion . For preschool age children , fairy tales can help develop vocabulary . It's just a story that certainly chosen a simple and often encountered children everyday . For example tales about animals . As for children of primary school age can be chosen for stories that contain exemplary , and moral values ​​as well as problem solving . The expectation value and the message can then be applied to children in everyday life .

The success of a fairy tale is not only determined by excitatory imaginative power , but also the awareness and the ability to present it in an interesting storyteller . For that Kak Agam can use various tools such as a doll or a variety of story books as a resource that can be read by parents before storytelling .

Benefits tales for children :

1 . Sharpening the intellect and imagination
2 . Inculcate shared values ​​and ethics
3 . Foster interest in reading

Strength in Children's Fairy Tales

Brother Ben , a lover of children , teachers , trainers , as well as a very eloquent storyteller and skilled . In the city of Yogyakarta is not only because the author knew her ability to bewitch children by dramatic , but also because of the moral message payload and capable of comprehensive inserted with a very slick and not burdensome . Thus anesthetized children all the attention and thoughts on the storyline is simple but tasty followed for a fairytale lasts . Then we might know the PM Toh , a storyteller from Aceh who is always concerned with the interaction as well as a safe and comfortable atmosphere for the kids who listen . Additionally familiar to us that Kusumo Priyono , Indonesia's fabled maestro found in storytelling there is usually something to be conveyed , especially on moral and character . In addition , no less important is nuanced entertainment for children ( educational and creative ) so that children feel happy and comforted . Thus , the children are very happy to listen to stories or fairy tales . Especially stories read by parents or adults .

Considering Benefits tales

Can not be denied that the fairy tale does have its own charm . On the side of the majority , there is a phenomenon cliché , that the kids before bedtime often ask to hear a fairy tale told by a mother , grandmother , or an adult who tried to put him to sleep . Although it could be interpreted that the fairy tale is not always fun , but in reality it is easy to make a child's fairy tale fall asleep , as well as the activity relaxes approved fairy tale does have the potential to support constructive mental pertumbuhkembangan children . Storytelling or storytelling in English is called storytelling , has many benefits . The benefits of which are able to develop the intellect and the imagination of the child , the child develops the ability to speak , developing power and the socialization of children is primarily a means of communication with the child's parents . ( Media Indonesia , 2006) . Among psychologists recommend that parents familiarize storytelling tool to reduce the bad influence of the modern game . It was necessitated considering the direct interaction between young children and their parents with storytelling very influential in shaping the character of children ahead of adults .

Moreover , from a variety of ways to educate children , fairy tales is a way that is not less powerful and effective to provide human touch or human touch and sportsmanship for children . Through fairy tales also cruising horizons of thought children would be better , more critical , and intelligent . Children can also understand where that should be followed and which should not be imitated . This will help them to identify themselves with the environment in addition to ease them assess and position themselves in the midst of other people . Conversely , children who lack imagination can result in socially less , difficult to socialize or adapt to the new environment .

But in spite of these benefits stack theory , it seems we still have to be careful . Because if we are not careful , pretty much a fairy tale story that actually contain prone a bad example for children . Call it folk tales about Sangkuriang that explicitly tells us that the natural mother - Kuriang because vowed would be the wife who took the fall looms forced to marry a dog . Not quite the conditions exacerbated by the story that after killing the dog which is actually his own biological father Sangkuriang had fallen in love in the sense of romance to Dayang Sumbi , his own mother . Craftiness is not counting Dayang Sumbi wake before the rooster to crow at dawn actually arrive , in order to deceive Sangkuriang suspect that he failed to meet the demand Dayang Sumbi boat building completed in a single night . Because the charges on fairy tales should be considered the psychological conditions that may deserap by the child , do not let things go wrong understanding of fairy tales are meant to be negative instead of positive.

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Future trends of I/O consulting

Teachout and Vequist (2008)identified driving forces affecting future trends in the business consulting:
(1) changes in the market conditions
(2) competition for market share and talent
(3) changes in customer demands
(4) changes in technology and innovation
(5) increase in costs, especially in energy and health sectors,
(6) globalization.
They also discussed three trends in the field as a result of these forces – people, process, and technology.
Human capital or people

In terms of human capital or people consulting, there are major forces for future trends:
(1) lack of competencies in STEM and communication fields
(2) aging of workforce, resulting in the loss of experience and expertise in organizations
(3) increasing and aggressive competition for talent
(4) increase in project- or contract-based workforce instead of hiring permanent employees
(5) globalization.
 As a result, trends, such as major talent management, selection and recruiting, workplace education and training, and planning for next generation, have emerged. In addition, change management also becomes important in organizations in order to innovate and implement new technology, tools, and systems to cope with changes in the business.

Process

In terms of process consulting, because of an increase in competition, it becomes important to identify and improve key processes that meet customer values and demands as well as that are faster and cheaper.
Technology

In terms of technology consulting, there is an increased need to automate processes or data so that employees can focus on actually doing work and focusing on business rather than doing the manual labor. The consultant can add value to these technologies by providing training, communication plan, and change management as well as to incorporate these technologies into organizational culture. So, regardless of how advanced technology is, consultants are still needed in making sure that these advanced technologies have positive effects on employees and organizations in both technical and social aspects.

Health psychology

    Clinical health psychology (ClHP) is a term that refers to the application of scientific knowledge, derived from the field of health psychology, to clinical questions that may arise across the spectrum of health care. ClHP is one of many specialty practice area for clinical psychologists. It is also a major contributor to the prevention focused field of behavioral health and the treatment oriented field of behavioral medicine. Clinical practice includes education, the techniques of behavior change, and psychotherapy. In some countries, a clinical health psychologist, with additional training, can become a medical psychologist and, thereby, obtain prescription privileges.

    Public health psychology (PHP) is population oriented. A major aim of PHP is to investigate potential causal links between psychosocial factors and health at the population level. Public health psychologists present research results to educators, policy makers, and health care providers in order to promote better public health. PHP is allied to other public health disciplines including epidemiology, nutrition, genetics and biostatistics. Some PHP interventions are targeted toward at-risk population groups (e.g., undereducated, single pregnant women who smoke) and not the population as a whole (e.g., all pregnant women).

    Community health psychology (CoHP) investigates community factors that contribute to the health and well-being of individuals who live in communities. CoHP also develops community-level interventions that are designed to combat disease and promote physical and mental health. The community often serves as the level of analysis, and is frequently sought as a partner in health-related interventions.

    Critical health psychology (CrHP) is concerned with the distribution of power and the impact of power differentials on health experience and behavior, health care systems, and health policy. CrHP prioritizes social justice and the universal right to health for people of all races, genders, ages, and socioeconomic positions. A major concern is health inequalities. The critical health psychologist is an agent of change, not simply an analyst or cataloger. A leading organization in this area is the International Society of Critical Health Psychology.

Health psychology is both a theoretical and applied field. Health psychologists employ diverse research methods. These methods include controlled randomized experiments, quasi-experiments, longitudinal studies, time-series designs, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies as well as action research. Health psychologists study a broad range of variables including genotype, cardiovascular disease (cardiac psychology), smoking habits, religious beliefs, alcohol use, social support, living conditions, emotional state, social class, and much more. Some health psychologists treat individuals with sleep problems, headaches, alcohol problems, etc. Other health psychologists work to empower community members by helping community members gain control over their health and improve quality of life of entire communities.

Applied sport psychology

Applied sport and exercise psychology consists of instructing athletes, coaches, teams, exercisers, parents, fitness professionals, groups, and other performers on the psychological aspects of their sport or activity. The goal of applied practice is to optimize performance and enjoyment through the use of psychological skills.

It is pertinent to mention that the practice of applied sport psychology is not legally restricted to individuals who possess one type of certification or licensure. The subject of "what exactly constitutes applied sport psychology and who can practice it?" has been debated amongst sport psychology professionals, and as of 2011, still lacks formal legal resolution in the United States. For instance, some question the ability of professionals who possess only sport science or kinesiology training to practice "psychology" with clients, while others counter that clinical and counseling psychologists without training in sport science do not have the professional competency to work with athletes.However, this debate should not overshadow the reality that many professionals express the desire to work together to promote best practices amongst all practitioners, regardless of training or academic background.

There are different approaches that a sports psychologist can use while working with his clients. For example, the social-psychological approach focuses on the social environment and the individual's personality, and on how complex interactions between the two influence behavior. The psychophysiological approach focuses on the processes of the brain and their influence on physical activity, and the cognitive-behavioral approach analyzes the ways in which individual thoughts determine behavior. Generally, there are two different types of sport psychologists: educational and clinical.

Human intelligence

It is no denying the greatness of human thinking abilities . Ranging from not knowing anything to knowing various things about the surroundings and the imaginations that they appear . The longer , without us knowing one's ability to think and analyze it to grow rapidly . But otherwise too , can also experience a wide variety of setbacks in the process of processing the information . From here many researchers who are motivated to learn about the human capabilities and how those processes are happening to him . By knowing this we can further maximize the return in our thought processes . Solso (2007 ) in his book ; Cognitive Psychology , define the capabilities regarding it or that we are familiar with intelligence as the ability to acquire , recall ( recall ) and use the knowledge to understand abstract concepts and concrete and the relationship between objects and ideas , as well as application of knowledge and a wide range of information appropriately .
Nickerson , Perkins and Smith (1985 ) believes about some ability to represent and explain human intelligence capabilities , namely one's ability to classify patterns . This is what underlies the ability to speak in a language which is in desperate need to assemble the structures of language itself . The second , is the ability to modify behavior adaptively or customize it with a variety of behavioral circumstances in which a person is located. Then the ability to think deductively ( from the information becoming public are specified or inferred ) and inductive thinking ( of a certain information is developed with a variety of assumptions into a variety of new information or in - generalization ) . Thinking like that we used to do every day in our daily activities , when learning mathematics , ponder the lessons in class earlier , solve our problems , fixing something and others . Reasoning that essentially needed to the existing information to be drawn " red thread " of it . From here also relies heavily on a person's ability to comprehend or understand any given stimulus either verbally or non - verbally . And the last one according to their ability to represent human intelligence is the ability to develop and use conceptual models . Not all things that exist always appear in front of our eyes . Human senses each has its limitations so that there is knowledge that we do not see directly . Here is part of thinking imaginatively .
Solso (2007 ) also mentions about the information processing through certain stages that can represent human intelligence capability . Each stage is interconnected underlying the ability of human perpikir . Speed ​​of information processing is one of the most important things about human intelligence capability . The sooner the information is processed , the higher the person's level of intelligence . Because it requires a connection or link that quickly and accurately in response to an information . Then as essentially also is the general human knowledge . The human brain is like a storage shed all kinds of information and knowledge during their lives , so the more information is stored and is known by them , the more made ​​it a benchmark of human intelligence capability . Furthermore , of what is in - stimulus and existing in a person 's memory , will be rationalized and re-developed . By making sense of the information available , we are just linking them with each other , looking for the information interconnectedness , connect , sync , equating , to conclude and make a concept or a particular framework . And in the end , this one can be used to solve a problem . This is the conclusion of the reasoning process . Without it we would not be able to make decisions and behave in everyday acts .
All existing processes when we think it is a reflection of a person's level of intelligence capabilities , ranging from simple skills to intricate . Intelligence itself is a representation or a representative of a wide range of cognitive abilities described above was . As a dynamic creature , all things that exist within the human self ; either physical or psychological , can also develop better or even vice versa . And everyone else will be better able to increasing their intelligence capabilities by practicing and learning , although most people are innate abilities that will support their intelligence capabilities .

Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development

It is the characteristic of a human being to evolve over time . Whether it be biological , physiological , and psychological socialist . Similarly, the cognitive development of each individual , will have growth as well . While still in early stages of normal development . Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a scientist and leader psychology who are concerned about the development of human cognition throughout life span. In its own development , not only by psychological factors that influence the development of individual cognition , but they are biological factors also influence each other . Pieget also noted the two major principles in human cognitive development , namely organization and adaptation . ( Solso , 2007 )
The principle here is the nature of the organization of mental structures and inter- tiered stages and relate with each other . According to Piaget's view , a person's mental ability and cognition is a relationship that is organized or structured with very complex and complementary . The most basic structure is the mental schemes which , although still a bit abstract but it has been entered within the organizing structure . Increasingly, there developed schemes that and more organized and coordinated with each other to form patterns more regular and it makes the mind more and more mature and adult . The second principle is adaptation . Which is based on the principle of adaptation assimilation process ; acquiring information from outside and combine it with information we have seen before , and accommodation ; old information processing and information processing in the new object from the outside .
And the most famous of Piaget's developmental theory of cognition is the whole pool of human life is divided into four stages . In each stage , a normal person's cognitive abilities will grow and mature . Because it is the result of two principles above earlier ; organization and adaptation , which makes any information and knowledge gained becomes increasingly complex and complement each other . So in its development , the longer a person's cognitive ability is getting more mature . The first stage is the stage of Sensory - motor , with a range of developmental age between 0 to 2 years . Characteristics of cognitive development at this stage is dominated by reflex movements obtained from the sensor senses . And in this case or the mindset that there is still an abstract scheme and rely on reflex alone . Individuals not recognize objective reality that is around.
Continues to the next stage , namely Pre - operational , between the ages of 2-7 years . At this stage a child can begin to think about something , but still have not been able to develop patterns of thought . His mind is egocentrism , which is still not able to see or look at a case from the viewpoint of others . These children will perceive only they knew it. Language development starts to become perfect . Begins with an understanding of the language and symbols of others. Although the patterns of thought has begun to evolve , but the ability to think logically is still not very mature anyway , because it is still dominated by their intuition . Switching level to the next stage , ie - concrete operational stage contained in the age range 7-11 years . According to Piaget at this stage there are three important aspects in one's intellectual growth , namely : conservation , classification , and transitivity . Conservation is the ability to transfer the properties of an object to another object . Classification is the ability to categorize or classify an object with other objects that have a certain similarity . While transitivity is the ability to assemble multiple elements according to certain relations . From here also , come further reasoning on the figures . The ability to count and increased logic .
Fourth and final stage of stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is Operational - formal.Kognisi someone has been able to think universally , that is not fixated on one aspect and started waning nature of egocentrism . So someone already started thinking of various kinds of point of view, not only of himself alone in understanding the various problems . Being able to make the allegations more structured and organized . Reality is acceptable and understood further . The ability to think logically mature , not only on an object that looked just reality . Abstract thought is also growing more complex . So this , it is able to help children think more creative and innovative again . The ability to think scientifically developed also begin at this stage . ( Solso , 2007)
Study - level cognitive development Piaget described above is very helpful for us to know and learn about human development over the life span. If we know each development task , we can further maximize and optimize return what we can accomplish and we get it from every stage of development . No other is to be able to understand the deeper it will live . Apart from the above purposes , we also can learn about various irregularities re - penyimpanggan mental and cognition during the span of human life . To make it easier for the prevention and healing back on a wide range of mental disorders as well as one's cognition .